| 任静,李进,郑晴天,张佳怡,夏瑜,宫媛,沈文彬,顾怀婷.学龄前儿童屈光状态及其影响因素[J].济宁医学院学报,2023,46(2):136-139 |
| 学龄前儿童屈光状态及其影响因素 |
| The refraction and the relevant factors of refractive errors in preschool children |
| 投稿时间：2022-03-20 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-9760.2023.02.014 |
| 中文关键词: 屈光状况;屈光不正;学龄前儿童;影响因素 |
| 英文关键词: Refraction;Refractive Errors;Preschool Children;Influencing Factors |
| 基金项目:山东省大学生创新训练项目（S202010443060）；济宁医学院教师扶持基金（JYFC2019kj019） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 任静 | 济宁医学院公共卫生学院, 济宁 272013 | | | 李进 | 济宁市任城区妇幼保健院, 济宁 272149 | | | 郑晴天 | 济宁医学院公共卫生学院, 济宁 272013 | | | 张佳怡 | 济宁医学院公共卫生学院, 济宁 272013 | | | 夏瑜 | 济宁医学院公共卫生学院, 济宁 272013 | | | 宫媛 | 济宁医学院公共卫生学院, 济宁 272013 | | | 沈文彬 | 济宁医学院公共卫生学院, 济宁 272013 | | | 顾怀婷 | 济宁医学院公共卫生学院, 济宁 272013 | guhuaiting@mail.jnmc.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解学龄前儿童屈光状态，并分析屈光异常的影响因素，为儿童视力不良的早期干预提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法，于2020年9-11月对济宁市任城区3所幼儿园639名学龄前儿童进行调查，使用伟伦双目屈光筛查仪进行屈光状态（非睫状肌麻痹下）检查，同时采用调查问卷对学龄前儿童家长进行调查。结果 学龄前儿童屈光不正总体检出率为14.55%，其中散光检出率为12.2%，近视检出率为0.3%，远视检出率为2.0%。不同性别儿童屈光异常检出率差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.019，P=0.313）。不同年龄组的儿童屈光异常检出率差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.305，P=0.043），5岁以上组儿童视力异常检出率较高（18.3%），城市户籍儿童屈光异常检出率高于农村户籍儿童，差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.157，P=0.023）。儿童看电视、用手机/平板时间、户外活动时间与屈光不正的关联性均无统计学意义。结论 学龄前儿童屈光异常发生率较高，屈光异常以散光为主。学校应加强对学龄前儿童的屈光监测，父母应重视学龄前儿童的用眼卫生，以促进儿童视力的正常发育。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate the refraction and the relevant factors of ametropia in preschool children, and to provide basis for the intervention of children with poor vision.Methods With stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 639 children from 3 kindergartens were investigated in Rencheng district of Jining city from Sept.to Nov.2020.The Weilun vision screening device was used to screen the refractive status of children in non-cycloplegic conditions.The questionnaires were filled out by parents of preschool children.Results The total detection rate of ametropia was 14.55%.The main refractive errors in preschool children were astigmatism (12.2%), hyperopia (2.0%), myopia (0.3%).The detection rates of refractive errors in boys and girls had no significant difference(χ2=1.019, P=0.313).There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of refractive errors among children of different age groups (χ2=6.305, P=0.043), and the detection rate of refractive errors was higher in children over 5 years old group (18.3%).Urban children had a higher refractive errors rate than rural children (χ2=5.157, P=0.023).There were no statistically significant associations between refractive errors and the time spend on watching TV, using mobile phone/tablet, outdoor activities.Conclusion Preschool children have a high rate of ametropia.The most common type of refractive errors was astigmatism.In order to protect children's visual function, it is essential to take the refractive monitoring of preschool children and parents should pay attention to children's eye health. |
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